Controlled Synthesis and Infrared Emission Properties of Core–Shell TiO2 Hollow

With the growing demand for advanced passive cooling technologies in fields such as building energy efficiency, thermal protection of electronic devices, and personal thermal comfort, radiative cooling materials have garnered considerable attention due to their ability to achieve cooling without external energy input. In this study, TiO2 hollow microspheres with a core–shell structure were successfully synthesized via a solvothermal method using TiCl4 as the titanium source and (NH4)2SO4 and CO(NH2)2 as structure-directing agents. The effects of reaction temperature (120–200 °C) and reaction time (0.5–36 h) on the morphology, crystal phase, specific surface area, pore structure, and infrared optical properties of the microspheres were systematically investigated.

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